After spending a few weeks in the book of Acts, we return to the gospel of Matthew (4:23-5:20). The background to our reading is that Jesus has been baptized, he has endured severe testing in the desert, and his ministry has begun: great crowds follow him wherever he goes (4:23-25), and whatever he does, whether it is preaching, or teaching, or healing, or expelling demons, whatever he does, he does with great authority (7:28-29).
With this in mind, we arrive at the Sermon on the Mount. Jesus is on a mountain, preaching repentance and the kingdom of God (4:17b). The setting would’ve stirred the imagination of all those present: it was on a mountain that Moses received the law which revealed God’s will for his people. Is Jesus a prophet in line with Moses? What does he have to say about the Messiah, God’s Anointed One who will come and save Israel?
And in this setting, Jesus reveals to us that he is both, in line with Moses and the prophets, and yet, he’s distinct, unique: Jesus is introducing something new. And the theme that he uses to make his point is ‘the beatitudes’ (5:3-10): qualities of persons and actions that will receive their full reward when God’s kingdom comes.”1
Virtually all of the beatitudes are drawn from the Old Testament. The 3rd beatitude, for example, “Blessed” are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth” (5:5): this verse has Psalm 37:11 as its background: “But the meek shall possess the land, and delight themselves in abundant prosperity.” Or the 6th beatitude, “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God” (5:8): this is taken from Psalm 24:3-4, which describes among those who can climb ‘the hill of the Lord’ ... the one who has “clean hands and a pure heart”, the one who does not lift up his soul “to what is false...”.
And the same can be said about being the “salt of the earth” (5:13), “the light of the world”, and “the city set on a hill (5:14). These phrases express in pictorial terms what it means to be God’s people: we are to be pure, holy, and set apart. Jesus was completely ‘in line’ with the law and the prophets.
However, Jesus also introduced something new because he made an audacious claim: he claimed that he fulfilled the Scriptures. Verse 17: “Think not that I have come to abolish the law and the prophets; I have come not to abolish them but to fulfill them” (5:17).
There are various translations or interpretations of the word “fulfill”, but the most appropriate one seems to be “completion”: Christ brought the law to its destined end. The Hebrew Scriptures pointed beyond themselves, they pointed forward to someone else. This someone else was Christ, who inaugurated the kingdom of God. “His ministry [brought the Scriptures] to full measure by supplying the final revelation of the will of God.”2 That is why Jesus speaks of the kingdom of God as being ‘at hand’ or ‘near’. Jesus brings in that which the Old Testament looked forward to; he transcends the Old Testament, but far from abolishing it, the Old Testament culminates in him.3
This audacious claim - to be the fulfillment of Scriptures - was what brought revilement upon Jesus, and it was what ultimately led to his death on the cross. How could salvation possibly come from someone who embodied the beatitudes! And for that matter, this is the reason we as Christians experience revilement today. We’re called “backward”: we do not claim loyalty to the powers and principalities of this world (Ephesians 6:12), precisely because power and pride are their mantra. We know that this can only result in death.
Instead, we rejoice (5:11). We rejoice because we are saved into a kingdom that brings wholeness and peace; saved by a Servant who gave up the very seat of heaven to identify with the death of this world, and thereby bring life.
We rejoice, because as we live this new life, God by his Spirit draws others into this heavenly community, and as that happens, the Father is glorified. Living the Kingdom-life brings glory to the Father (5:14).
And finally, our hearts are gladdened (5:12), because living a life of beatitude comes with great rewards; rewards not necessarily realized today, but guaranteed in the future: the promise to co-inherit God’s kingdom, the promise to vindicate the just, and the promise of the establishment of God’s perfect kingdom.4 We are indeed fortunate. We are indeed blessed.
In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,
Amen ✠
-----
1- Daniel J. Harrington (S. J), The Gospel of Matthew. Sacra Pagina Series. Volume 1. (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical, 1991), 84.
2- R. T. France. The Gospel according to Matthew. An Introduction and Commentary. Tyndale New Testament Commentaries. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1985), 114.
3- R. T. France. The Gospel according to Matthew. An Introduction and Commentary. Tyndale New Testament Commentaries. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1985), 114.
4- Daniel J. Harrington (S. J), The Gospel of Matthew. Sacra Pagina Series. Volume 1. (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical, 1991), 82-83.
With this in mind, we arrive at the Sermon on the Mount. Jesus is on a mountain, preaching repentance and the kingdom of God (4:17b). The setting would’ve stirred the imagination of all those present: it was on a mountain that Moses received the law which revealed God’s will for his people. Is Jesus a prophet in line with Moses? What does he have to say about the Messiah, God’s Anointed One who will come and save Israel?
And in this setting, Jesus reveals to us that he is both, in line with Moses and the prophets, and yet, he’s distinct, unique: Jesus is introducing something new. And the theme that he uses to make his point is ‘the beatitudes’ (5:3-10): qualities of persons and actions that will receive their full reward when God’s kingdom comes.”1
Virtually all of the beatitudes are drawn from the Old Testament. The 3rd beatitude, for example, “Blessed” are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth” (5:5): this verse has Psalm 37:11 as its background: “But the meek shall possess the land, and delight themselves in abundant prosperity.” Or the 6th beatitude, “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God” (5:8): this is taken from Psalm 24:3-4, which describes among those who can climb ‘the hill of the Lord’ ... the one who has “clean hands and a pure heart”, the one who does not lift up his soul “to what is false...”.
And the same can be said about being the “salt of the earth” (5:13), “the light of the world”, and “the city set on a hill (5:14). These phrases express in pictorial terms what it means to be God’s people: we are to be pure, holy, and set apart. Jesus was completely ‘in line’ with the law and the prophets.
However, Jesus also introduced something new because he made an audacious claim: he claimed that he fulfilled the Scriptures. Verse 17: “Think not that I have come to abolish the law and the prophets; I have come not to abolish them but to fulfill them” (5:17).
There are various translations or interpretations of the word “fulfill”, but the most appropriate one seems to be “completion”: Christ brought the law to its destined end. The Hebrew Scriptures pointed beyond themselves, they pointed forward to someone else. This someone else was Christ, who inaugurated the kingdom of God. “His ministry [brought the Scriptures] to full measure by supplying the final revelation of the will of God.”2 That is why Jesus speaks of the kingdom of God as being ‘at hand’ or ‘near’. Jesus brings in that which the Old Testament looked forward to; he transcends the Old Testament, but far from abolishing it, the Old Testament culminates in him.3
This audacious claim - to be the fulfillment of Scriptures - was what brought revilement upon Jesus, and it was what ultimately led to his death on the cross. How could salvation possibly come from someone who embodied the beatitudes! And for that matter, this is the reason we as Christians experience revilement today. We’re called “backward”: we do not claim loyalty to the powers and principalities of this world (Ephesians 6:12), precisely because power and pride are their mantra. We know that this can only result in death.
Instead, we rejoice (5:11). We rejoice because we are saved into a kingdom that brings wholeness and peace; saved by a Servant who gave up the very seat of heaven to identify with the death of this world, and thereby bring life.
We rejoice, because as we live this new life, God by his Spirit draws others into this heavenly community, and as that happens, the Father is glorified. Living the Kingdom-life brings glory to the Father (5:14).
And finally, our hearts are gladdened (5:12), because living a life of beatitude comes with great rewards; rewards not necessarily realized today, but guaranteed in the future: the promise to co-inherit God’s kingdom, the promise to vindicate the just, and the promise of the establishment of God’s perfect kingdom.4 We are indeed fortunate. We are indeed blessed.
In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,
Amen ✠
-----
1- Daniel J. Harrington (S. J), The Gospel of Matthew. Sacra Pagina Series. Volume 1. (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical, 1991), 84.
2- R. T. France. The Gospel according to Matthew. An Introduction and Commentary. Tyndale New Testament Commentaries. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1985), 114.
3- R. T. France. The Gospel according to Matthew. An Introduction and Commentary. Tyndale New Testament Commentaries. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1985), 114.
4- Daniel J. Harrington (S. J), The Gospel of Matthew. Sacra Pagina Series. Volume 1. (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical, 1991), 82-83.
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